The Companies Act 2013 is the primary legislation governing corporate entities in India. It defines the legal framework for the incorporation, functioning, and dissolution of companies. This Act replaced the Companies Act, 1956, to bring in more transparency, compliance, and ease of doing business. Understanding the section-wise breakdown of the Act helps stakeholders, legal professionals, and businesses ensure compliance.
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Overview of the Companies Act, 2013
The Companies Act, 2013 consists of 29 chapters and 484 sections (some omitted or merged). It regulates company formation, management, corporate governance, audit, and legal compliance. The Act also introduced provisions related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), one-person companies, and investor protection. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) oversees the implementation of this Act, ensuring smooth corporate governance.
Chapter-wise Section List
Understanding the structure of the Companies Act, 2013, is very important for compliance and governance. Below is a breakdown of its chapters and sections, outlining key regulations governing company incorporation, management, finance, and legal procedures. Here is a structured list of chapters with their corresponding sections:
Chapter 1: Preliminary
Section 1: Short title, extent, commencement and application
Section 2: Definitions
Chapter 2: Incorporation of Company and Matters Incidental Thereto
Section 3: Formation of company
Section 3A: Members severally liable in certain cases
Section 4: Memorandum
Section 5: Articles
Section 7: Incorporation of company
Section 8: Formation of companies with charitable objects, etc.
Section 9: Effect of registration
Section 10: Effect of memorandum and articles
Section 10A: Commencement of business, etc.
Section 11: Commencement of business, etc
Section 12: Registered office of company
Section 13: Alteration of memorandum
Section 14: Alteration of articles
Section 15: Alteration of memorandum or articles to be noted in every copy
Section 16: Rectification of name of company
Section 17: Copies of memorandum, articles, etc., to be given to members
Section 18: Conversion of companies already registered
Section 19: Subsidiary company not to hold shares in its holding company
Section 20: Service of documents
Section 21: Authentication of documents, proceedings and contracts
Section 22: Execution of bills of exchange, etc.
Chapter 3: Prospectus and Allotment of Securities
Part I: Public Offer
Section 24: Power of Securities and Exchange Board to regulate issue and transfer of securities, etc
Section 25: Document containing offer of securities for sale to be deemed prospectus
Section 26: Matters to be stated in prospectus
Section 27: Variation in terms of contract or objects in prospectus
Section 28: Offer of sale of shares by certain members of company
Section 29: Public offer of securities to be in dematerialised form
Section 30: Advertisement of prospectus
Section 31: Shelf prospectus
Section 32: Red herring prospectus
Section 33: Issue of application forms for securities
Section 34: Criminal liability for mis-statements in prospectus
Section 35: Civil liability for mis-statements in prospectus
Section 36: Punishment for fraudulently inducing persons to invest money
Section 37: Action by affected persons
Section 38: Punishment for personation for acquisition, etc., of securities
Section 39: Allotment of securities by company
Section 40: Securities to be dealt with in stock exchanges
Section 41: Global depository receipt
Part II: Private Placement
Section 42: Issue of shares on private placement basis
Chapter 4: Share Capital and Debentures
Section 43: Kinds of share capital
Section 44: Nature of shares or debentures
Section 45: Numbering of shares
Section 46: Certificate of shares
Section 47: Voting rights
Section 48: Variation of shareholders’ rights
Section 49: Calls on shares of same class to be made on uniform basis
Section 50: Company to accept unpaid share capital, although not called up
Section 51: Payment of dividend in proportion to amount paid-up
Section 52: Application of premiums received on issue of shares
Section 53: Prohibition on issue of shares at discount
Section 54: Issue of sweat equity shares
Section 55: Issue and redemption of preference shares
Section 56: Transfer and transmission of securities
Section 57: Punishment for personation of shareholder
Section 58: Refusal of registration and appeal against refusal
Section 59: Rectification of register of members
Section 60: Publication of authorised, subscribed and paid-up capital
Section 61: Power of limited company to alter its share capital
Section 62: Further issue of share capital
Section 63: Issue of bonus shares
Section 64: Notice to be given to Registrar for alteration of share capital
Section 66: Reduction of share capital
Section 67: Restrictions on purchase by company or giving of loans by it for purchase of its shares
Section 68: Power of company to purchase its own securities
Section 69: Transfer of certain sums to capital redemption reserve account
Section 70: Prohibition for buy-back in certain circumstances
Section 71: Debentures
Section 72: Power to nominate
Chapter 5: Acceptance of Deposits by Companies (Sections 73-76A)
Section-73 Prohibition on acceptance of deposits from public
Section-74 Repayment of deposits, etc., accepted before commencement of this Act
Section-75 Damages for fraud
Section-76 Acceptance of deposits from public by certain companies
Section-76A Punishment for contravention of Section 73 or Section 76
Chapter 6: Registration of Charges (Sections 77-87)
Section-77 Duty to register charges, etc
Section-78 Application for registration of charge
Section-80 Date of notice of charge
Section-81 Register of charges to be kept by Registrar
Section-82 Company to report satisfaction of charge
Section-83 Power of Registrar to make entries of satisfaction and release in absence of intimation from company
Section-84 Intimation of appointment of receiver or manager
Section-85 Company’s register of charges
Section-86 Punishment for contravention
Section-87 Rectification by Central Government in Register of charges
Chapter 7: Management and Administration (Sections 88-122)
Section-88 Register of members, etc
Section-89 Declaration in respect of beneficial interest in any share
Section-90 Register of significant beneficial owners in a company
Section-91 Power to close register of members or debenture-holders or other security holders
Section-92 Annual return
Section-93 Return to be filed with Registrar in case promoters’ stake changes
Section-94 Place of keeping and inspection of registers, returns, etc
Section-95 Registers, etc., to be evidence
Section-96 Annual general meeting
Section-97 Power of Tribunal to call annual general meeting
Section-98 Power of Tribunal to call meetings of members, etc
Section-99 Punishment for default in complying with provisions of sections 96 to 98
Section-100 Calling of extraordinary general meeting
Section-101 Notice of meeting
Section-102 Statement to be annexed to notice
Section-103 Quorum for meetings
Section-104 Chairman of meetings
Section-105 Proxies
Section-106 Restriction on voting rights
Section-107 Voting by show of hands
Section-108 Voting through electronic means
Section-109 Demand for poll
Section-110 Postal ballot
Section-111 Circulation of members’ resolution
Section-112 Representation of President and Governors in meetings
Section-113 Representation of corporations at meeting of companies and of creditors
Section-114 Ordinary and special resolutions
Section-115 Resolutions requiring special notice
Section-116 Resolutions passed at adjourned meeting
Section-117 Resolutions and agreements to be filed
Section-118 Minutes of proceedings of general meeting, meeting of Board of Directors and other meeting and resolutions passed by postal ballot
Section-119 Inspection of minute-books of general meeting
Section-120 Maintenance and inspection of documents in electronic form
Section-121 Report on annual general meeting
Section-122 Applicability of this Chapter to One Person Company
Chapter 8: Declaration and Payment of Dividend (Sections 123-127)
Section-123 Declaration of dividend
Section-124 Unpaid Dividend Account
Section-125 Investor Education and Protection Fund
Section-126 Right to dividend, rights shares and bonus shares to be held in abeyance pending registration of transfer of shares
Section-127 Punishment for failure to distribute dividends
Chapter 9: Accounts of Companies (Sections 128-138)
Section-128 Books of account, etc., to be kept by company
Section-129 Financial statement
Section-129A Periodical financial results
Section-130 Re-opening of accounts on court’s or Tribunal’s orders
Section-131 Voluntary revision of financial statements or Board’s report
Section-132 Constitution of National Financial Reporting Authority
Section-133 Central Government to prescribe accounting standards
Section-134 Financial statement, Board’s report, etc
Section-135 Corporate Social Responsibility
Section-136 Right of member to copies of audited financial statement
Section-137 Copy of financial statement to be filed with Registrar
Section-138 Internal audit
Chapter 10: Audit and Auditors (Sections 139-148)
Section-139 Appointment of auditors
Section-140 Removal, resignation of auditor and giving of special notice
Section-141 Eligibility, qualifications and disqualifications of auditors
Section-143 Powers and duties of auditors and auditing standards
Section-144 Auditor not to render certain services
Section-145 Auditor to sign audit reports, etc
Section-146 Auditors to attend general meeting
Section-147 Punishment for contravention
Section-148 Central Government to specify audit of items of cost in respect of certain companies
Chapter 11: Appointment and Remuneration of Directors (Sections 149-172)
Section-149 Company to have Board of Directors
Section-150 Manner of selection of independent directors and maintenance of databank of independent directors
Section-151 Appointment of director elected by small shareholders
Section-152 Appointment of directors
Section-153 Application for allotment of Director Identification Number
Section-154 Allotment of Director Identification Number
Section-155 Prohibition to obtain more than one Director Identification Number
Section-156 Director to intimate Director Identification Number
Section-157 Company to inform Director Identification Number to Registrar
Section-158 Obligation to indicate Director Identification Number
Section-159 Penalty for default of certain provisions
Section-160 Right of persons other than retiring directors to stand for directorship
Section-161 Appointment of additional director, alternate director and nominee director
Section-162 Appointment of directors to be voted individually
Section-163 Option to adopt principle of proportional representation for appointment of directors
Section-164 Disqualifications for appointment of director
Section-165 Number of directorships
Section-166 Duties of directors
Section-167 Vacation of office of director
Section-168 Resignation of director
Section-169 Removal of directors
Section-170 Register of directors and key managerial personnel and their shareholding
Section-171 Members’ right to inspect
Section-172 Penalty
Chapter 12: Meetings of the Board (Sections 173-195)
Section-173 Meetings of Board
Section-174 Quorum for meetings of Board
Section-175 Passing of resolution by circulation
Section-176 Defects in appointment of directors not to invalidate actions taken
Section-177 Audit Committee
Section-178 Nomination and Remuneration Committee and Stakeholders Relationship Committee
Section-179 Powers of Board
Section-180 Restrictions on powers of Board
Section-181 Company to contribute to bona fide and charitable funds, etc
Section-182 Prohibitions and restrictions regarding political contributions
Section-183 Power of Board and other persons to make contributions to national defence fund, etc.
Section-184 Disclosure of interest by director
Section-185 Loan to directors, etc.
Section-186 Loan and investment by company
Section-187 Investments of company to be held in its own name
Section-188 Related party transactions
Section-189 Register of contracts or arrangements in which directors are interested
Section-190 Contract of employment with managing or whole-time directors
Section-191 Payment to director for loss of office, etc., in connection with transfer of undertaking, property or shares
Section-192 Restriction on non-cash transactions involving directors
Section-193 Contract by One Person Company
Section-194 Prohibition on forward dealings in securities of company by director or key managerial personnel
Section-195 Prohibition on insider trading of securities
Chapter 13: Appointment and Remuneration of Key Managerial Personnel (Sections 196-205)
Section-196 Appointment of managing director, whole-time director or manager
Section-197 Overall maximum managerial remuneration and managerial remuneration in case of absence or inadequacy of profits
Section-198 Calculation of profits
Section-199 Recovery of remuneration in certain cases
Section-200 Central Government or company to fix limit with regard to remuneration
Section-201 Forms of, and procedure in relation to, certain applications
Section-202 Compensation for loss of office of managing or whole-time director or manager
Section-203 Appointment of key managerial personnel
Section-204 Secretarial audit for bigger companies
Section-205 Functions of company secretary
Chapter 14: Inspection, Inquiry, and Investigation (Sections 206-229)
Section-206 Power to call for information, inspect books and conduct inquiries
Section-207 Conduct of inspection and inquiry
Section-208 Report on inspection made
Section-209 Search and seizure
Section-210 Investigation into affairs of company
Section-211 Establishment of Serious Fraud Investigation Office
Section-212 Investigation into affairs of Company by Serious Fraud Investigation Office
Section-213 Investigation into company’s affairs in other cases
Section-214 Security for payment of costs and expenses of investigation
Section-215 Firm, body corporate or association not to be appointed as inspector
Section-216 Investigation of ownership of company
Section-217 Procedure, powers, etc., of inspectors
Section-218 Protection of employees during investigation
Section-219 Power of inspector to conduct investigation into affairs of related companies, etc
Section-220 Seizure of documents by inspector
Section-221 Freezing of assets of company on inquiry and investigation
Section-222 Imposition of restrictions upon securities
Section-223 Inspector’s report
Section-224 Actions to be taken in pursuance of inspector’s report
Section-225 Expenses of investigation
Section-226 Voluntary winding up of company, etc., not to stop investigation proceedings
Section-227 Legal advisers and bankers not to disclose certain information
Section-228 Investigation, etc., of foreign companies
Section-229 Penalty for furnishing false statement, mutilation, destruction of documents
Chapter 15: Compromises, Arrangements, and Amalgamations (Sections 230-240)
Section-230 Power to compromise or make arrangements with creditors and members
Section-231 Power of Tribunal to enforce compromise or arrangement
Section-232 Merger and amalgamation of companies
Section-233 Merger or amalgamation of certain companies
Section-234 Merger or amalgamation of company with foreign company
Section-235 Power to acquire shares of shareholders dissenting from scheme or contract approved by majority
Section-236 Purchase of minority shareholding
Section-237 Power of Central Government to provide for amalgamation of companies in public interest
Section-238 Registration of offer of schemes involving transfer of shares
Section-239 Preservation of books and papers of amalgamated companies
Section-240 Liability of officers in respect of offences committed prior to merger, amalgamation, etc.
Chapter 16: Prevention of Oppression and Mismanagement (Sections 241-246)
Section-241 Application to Tribunal for relief in cases of oppression, etc.
Section-242 Powers of Tribunal
Section-243 Consequence of termination or modification of certain agreements
Section-244 Right to apply under Section 241
Section-245 Class action
Section-246 Application of certain provisions to proceedings under Section 241 or Section 245
Chapter 17: Registered Valuers (Section 247)
Section-247 Valuation by registered valuers
Chapter 18: Removal of Names from Register of Companies (Sections 248-252)
Section-248 Power of Registrar to remove name of company from register of companies
Section-249 Restrictions on making application under Section 248 in certain situations
Section-250 Effect of company notified as dissolved
Section-251 Fraudulent application for removal of name
Section-252 Appeal to Tribunal
Chapter 19: Revival and Rehabilitation of Sick Companies (Sections 253-269)
Section-253 Determination of sickness
Section-254 Application for revival and rehabilitation
Section-255 Exclusion of certain time in computing period of limitation
Section-256 Appointment of interim administrator
Section-257 Committee of creditors
Section-258 Order of Tribunal
Section-259 Appointment of administrator
Section-260 Powers and duties of company administrator
Section-261 Scheme of revival and rehabilitation
Section-262 Sanction of scheme
Section-263 Scheme to be binding
Section-264 Implementation of scheme
Section-265 Winding up of company on report of company administrator
Section-266 Power of Tribunal to assess damages against delinquent directors, etc
Section-267 Punishment for certain offences
Section-268 Bar of jurisdiction
Section-269 Rehabilitation and Insolvency Fund
Chapter 20: Winding Up of Companies (Sections 270-365)
Section-270 Winding up by Tribunal
Part I- Winding up by the Tribunal
Section-271 Circumstances in which company may be wound up by Tribunal
Section-272 Petition for winding up
Section-273 Powers of Tribunal
Section-274 Directions for filing statement of affairs
Section-275 Company Liquidators and their appointments
Section-276 Removal and replacement of liquidator
Section-277 Intimation to Company Liquidator, provisional liquidator and Registrar
Section-278 Effect of winding up order
Section-279 Stay of suits, etc., on winding up order
Section-280 Jurisdiction of Tribunal
Section-281 Submission of report by Company Liquidator
Section-282 Directions of Tribunal on report of Company Liquidator
Section-283 Custody of company’s properties
Section-284 Promoters, directors, etc., to cooperate with Company Liquidator
Section-285 Settlement of list of contributories and application of assets
Section-286 Obligations of directors and managers
Section-287 Advisory committee
Section-288 Submission of periodical reports to Tribunal
Section-289 Power of Tribunal on application for stay of winding up
Section-290 Powers and duties of Company Liquidator
Section-291 Provision for professional assistance to Company Liquidator
Section-292 Exercise and control of Company Liquidator’s powers
Section-293 Books to be kept by Company Liquidator
Section-294 Audit of Company Liquidator’s accounts
Section-295 Payment of debts by contributory and extent of set-off
Section-296 Power of Tribunal to make calls
Section-297 Adjustment of rights of contributories
Section-298 Power to order costs
Section-299 Power to summon persons suspected of having property of company, etc
Section-300 Power to order examination of promoters, directors, etc
Section-301 Arrest of person trying to leave India or abscond
Section-302 Dissolution of company by Tribunal
Section-303 Appeals from orders made before commencement of Act
Part II- Voluntary Winding Up
Section-304 Circumstances in which company may be wound up voluntarily
Section-305 Declaration of solvency in case of proposal to wind up voluntarily
Section-306 Meeting of creditors
Section-307 Publication of resolution to wind up voluntarily
Section-308 Commencement of voluntary winding up
Section-309 Effect of voluntary winding up
Section-310 Appointment of Company
Section-311 Power to remove and fill vacancy of Company Liquidator
Section-312 Notice of appointment of Company Liquidator to be given to Registrar
Section-313 Cesser of Board’s powers on appointment of Company Liquidator
Section-314 Powers and duties of Company Liquidator in voluntary winding up
Section-315 Appointment of committees
Section-316 Company Liquidator to submit report on progress of winding up
Section-317 Report of Company Liquidator to Tribunal for examination of persons
Section-318 Final meeting and dissolution of company
Section-319 Power of Company Liquidator to accept shares, etc., as consideration for sale of property of company
Section-320 Distribution of property of company
Section-321 Arrangement when binding on company and creditors
Section-322 Power to apply to Tribunal to have questions determined, etc
Section-323 Costs of voluntary winding up
Part III- Provision applicable to every mode of winding up
Section-324 Debts of all descriptions to be admitted to proof
Section-325 Application of insolvency rules in winding up of insolvent companies
Section-326 Overriding preferential payments
Section-327 Preferential payments
Section-328 Fraudulent preference
Section-329 Transfers not in good faith to be void
Section-330 Certain transfers to be void
Section-331 Liabilities and rights of certain persons fraudulently preferred
Section-332 Effect of floating charge
Section-333 Disclaimer of onerous property
Section-334 Transfers, etc., after commencement of winding up to be void
Section-335 Certain attachments, executions, etc., in winding up by Tribunal to be void
Section-336 Offences by officers of companies in liquidation
Section-337 Penalty for frauds by officers
Section-338 Liability where proper accounts not kept
Section-339 Liability for fraudulent conduct of business
Section-340 Power of Tribunal to assess damages against delinquent directors, etc
Section-341 Liability under sections 339 and 340 to extend to partners or directors in firms or companies
Section-342 Prosecution of delinquent officers and members of company
Section-343 Company Liquidator to exercise certain powers subject to sanction
Section-344 Statement that company is in liquidation
Section-345 Books and papers of company to be evidence
Section-346 Inspection of books and papers by creditors and contributories
Section-347 Disposal of books and papers of company
Section-348 Information as to pending liquidations
Section-349 Official Liquidator to make payments into public account of India
Section-350 Company Liquidator to deposit monies into scheduled bank
Section-351 Liquidator not to deposit monies into private banking account
Section-352 Company Liquidation Dividend and Undistributed Assets Account
Section-353 Liquidator to make returns, etc
Section-354 Meetings to ascertain wishes of creditors or contributories
Section-355 Court, tribunal or person, etc., before whom affidavit may be sworn
Section-356 Powers of Tribunal to declare dissolution of company void
Section-357 Commencement of winding up by Tribunal
Section-358 Exclusion of certain time in computing period of limitation
Part IV- Official Liquidators
Section-359 Appointment of Official Liquidator
Section-360 Powers and functions of Official Liquidator
Section-361 Summary procedure for liquidation
Section-362 Sale of assets and recovery of debts due to company
Section-363 Settlement of claims of creditors by Official Liquidator
Section-364 Appeal by creditor
Section-365 Order of dissolution of company
Chapter 21: Companies Authorized to Register (Sections 366-378)
Part I- Companies Authorised to Register under this Act
Section-366 Companies capable of being registered
Section-367 Certificate of registration of existing companies
Section-368 Vesting of property on registration
Section-369 Saving of existing liabilities
Section-370 Continuation of pending legal proceedings
Section-371 Effect of registration under this Part
Section-372 Power of Court to stay or restrain proceedings
Section-373 Suits stayed on winding up order
Section-374 Obligations of companies registering under this Part
Part II- Winding Up of Unregistered Companies
Section-375 Winding up of unregistered companies
Section-376 Power to wind up foreign companies, although dissolved
Section-377 Provisions of Chapter cumulative
Section-378 Saving and construction of enactments conferring power to wind up partnership firm, association or company, etc., in certain cases
Chapter 22: Companies Incorporated Outside India (Sections 379-393)
Section-379 Application of Act to foreign companies
Section-380 Documents, etc., to be delivered to Registrar by foreign companies
Section-381 Accounts of foreign company
Section-382 Display of name, etc., of foreign company
Section-383 Service on foreign company
Section-384 Debentures, annual return, registration of charges, books of account and their inspection
Section-385 Fee for registration of documents
Section-386 Interpretation
Section-387 Dating of prospectus and particulars to be contained therein
Section-388 Provisions as to expert’s consent and allotment
Section-389 Registration of prospectus
Section-390 Offer of Indian Depository Receipts
Section-391 Application of sections 34 to 36 and Chapter XX
Section-392 Punishment for contravention
Section-393 Company’s failure to comply with provisions of this Chapter not to affect validity of contracts, etc
Section-393A Exemptions under this Chapter
Chapter 23: Government Companies (Sections 394-395)
Section-394 Annual reports on Government companies
Section-395 Annual reports where one or more State Governments are members of companies
Chapter 24: Registration Offices and Fees (Sections 396-404)
Section-396 Registration offices
Section-397 Admissibility of certain documents as evidence
Section-398 Provisions relating to filing of applications, documents, inspection, etc., in electronic form
Section-399 Inspection, production and evidence of documents kept by Registrar
Section-400 Electronic form to be exclusive, alternative or in addition to physical form
Section-401 Provision of value added services through electronic form
Section-402 Application of provisions of Information Technology Act, 2000
Section-403 Fee for filing, etc
Section-404 Fees, etc., to be credited into public account
Chapter 25: Companies to Furnish Information (Section 405)
Section-405 Power of Central Government to direct companies to furnish information or statistics
Chapter 26: Nidhis (Section 406)
Section-406 Provision relating to Nidhis and its application, etc.
Chapter 27:National Company Law Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal (Sections 407-434)
Section-407 Definitions of NCLT & NCLAT
Section-408 Constitution of National Company Law Tribunal
Section-409 Qualification of President and Members of Tribunal
Section-410 Constitution of Appellate Tribunal
Section-411 Qualifications of chairperson and Members of Appellate Tribunal
Section-412 Selection of Members of Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal
Section-413 Term of office of President, chairperson and other Members
Section-414 Salary, allowances and other terms and conditions of service of Members
Section-415 Acting President and Chairperson of Tribunal or Appellate Tribunal
Section-416 Resignation of Members
Section-417 Removal of Members
Section-417A Qualifications, terms and conditions of service of Chairperson and Member
Section-418 Staff of Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal
Section-418A Benches of Appellate Tribunal
Section-419 Benches of Tribunal
Section-420 Orders of Tribunal
Section-421 Appeal from orders of Tribunal
Section-422 Expeditious disposal by Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal
Section-423 Appeal to Supreme Court
Section-424 Procedure before Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal
Section-425 Power to punish for contempt
Section-426 Delegation of powers
Section-427 President, Members, officers, etc., to be public servants
Section-428 Protection of action taken in good faith
Section-429 Power to seek assistance of Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, etc
Section-430 Civil court not to have jurisdiction
Section-431 Vacancy in Tribunal or Appellate Tribunal not to invalidate acts or proceedings
Section-432 Right to legal representation
Section-433 Limitation
Section-434 Transfer of certain pending proceedings
Chapter 28: Special Courts (Sections 435-446)
Section-435 Establishment of Special Courts
Section-436 Offences triable by Special Courts
Section-437 Appeal and revision
Section-438 Application of Code to proceedings before Special Court
Section-439 Offences to be non-cognizable
Section-440 Transitional provisions
Section-441 Compounding of certain offences
Section-442 Mediation and Conciliation Panel
Section-443 Power of Central Government to appoint company prosecutors
Section-444 Appeal against acquittal
Section-445 Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause
Section-446 Application of fines
Section-446A Factors for determining level of punishment
Section-446B Lesser penalties for certain companies
Chapter 29: Miscellaneous (Sections 447-470)
Section-447 Punishment for fraud
Section-448 Punishment for false statement
Section-449 Punishment for false evidence
Section-450 Punishment where no specific penalty or punishment is provided
Section-451 Punishment in case of repeated default
Section-452 Punishment for wrongful withholding of property
Section-453 Punishment for improper use of “Limited” or “Private Limited”
Section-454 Adjudication of penalties
Section-454A Penalty for repeated default
Section-455 Dormant company
Section-456 Protection of action taken in good faith
Section-457 Non-disclosure of information in certain cases
Section-458 Delegation by Central Government of its powers and functions
Section-459 Powers of Central Government or Tribunal to accord approval, etc., subject to conditions and to prescribe fees on application
Section-460 Condonation of delay in certain cases
Section-461 Annual report by Central Government
Section-462 Power to exempt class or classes of companies from provisions of this Act
Section-463 Power of court to grant relief in certain cases
Section-464 Prohibition of association or partnership of persons exceeding certain number
Section-465 Repeal of certain enactments and savings
Section-466 Dissolution of Company Law Board and consequential provisions
Section-467 Power of Central Government to amend Schedules
Section-468 Powers of Central Government to make rules relating to winding up
Section-469 Power of Central Government to make rules
Section-470 Power to remove difficulties
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Latest Amendments
Recent amendments to the Companies Act 2013 have introduced significant changes:
Companies (Amendment) Act, 2020 & 2021: Reduced penalties for minor compliance violations.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Rules: Made CSR spending mandatory for eligible companies.
Producer Companies: New provisions added to regulate producer companies.
Ease of Doing Business (EODB) Reforms: Enhanced digital compliance framework and reduced compliance burden.
Summing Up
The Companies Act, 2013, is a comprehensive legal framework governing corporate entities in India. Understanding its chapter-wise structure helps companies, professionals, and regulators ensure compliance. With continuous amendments and updates, the Act evolves to enhance corporate governance and ease business operations.
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Company Law Section List: FAQs
Q1. How many sections are in the Companies Act, 2013?
The Act originally had 484 sections, but after amendments, some sections have been omitted or merged.
Q2. What is the role of the Registrar of Companies (ROC)?
The ROC oversees company registration, compliance, and regulatory filings under the Companies Act.
Q3. What are the key amendments in recent years?
Major amendments include decriminalization of minor offenses, stricter CSR regulations, and easier compliance for startups.
Q4. What is the penalty for non-compliance with the Act?
Penalties vary based on the violation, ranging from fines to imprisonment for serious fraud or non-compliance.
Q5. What is the role of NCLT under the Act?
The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) handles company-related disputes, mergers, liquidation, and insolvency matters.
